IN 1755, TENSIONS WERE beginning to rise in the American Colonies following the outbreak of the French and Indian War. Yet one of that year’s most consequential developments for American independence happened on a Mediterranean island more than 4,000 miles away: After more than two decades of struggle, the Corsican people declared independence from their Genoese overlords, who had laid claim to the island for 500 years. Would-be revolutionaries in America soon followed the situation in Corsica with interest.
Colonial rabble-rousers were especially fired up by the exploits of Pasquale Paoli, chosen as the leader of independent Corsica. Particularly in the 1760s, Paoli became a media sensation in America, and inspired by this Paolifever, patriots went on to name towns, and even children, after the great Corsican. In 1767, the…