MANIPULATION of the rand by local and international banks indicate that corruption had hit complex and multi- faceted levels in South Africa as it involved public and private spheres though well-knitted networks that required a dedicated anti-corruption agency to unravel, Corruption Watch said yesterday.
Some banks, including Standard Chartered, singled out by the Competition Commission, have already admitted colluding to fixing the rand between 2007 and 2013 and paid fines. However, others are digging in, saying they were not involved in rand manipulation.
The Competition Commission is now appealing at the South African Constitutional Court against the Competition Appeal Court’s (CAC’s)judgment, which upheld the appeal by the majority of the respondent banks accused of price-fixing and division of markets in contravention of the Competition Act.
“The CAC order, therefore, released…
