South Africa’s electricity and energy system is foundational to unlocking inclusive development and economic opportunities. Energy access defines the boundary between marginalisation and participation, between poverty and potential. It powers schools, clinics, and businesses. It drives growth and dignity. Yet, even after loadshedding has subsided, millions of South Africans will still live with unreliable, inadequate, or unaffordable electricity, undermining the promise of a fair and prosperous society.
The Presidential Climate Commission’s (PCC) report, the Net Zero CO2 Emission Pathways (2024) outlines the multidimensional nature of South Africa's energy crisis. While coal remains the dominant source of electricity generation, the fleet is ageing, technically unreliable, and environmentally unsustainable - responsible for over 40% of South Africa’s total Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions.
And, although coal is economically irreplaceable in the short term,…