Net gains
In 2010, a friend said to me: “I’m an environmentalist, should I stop eating fish?” I responded: “If you don’t eat fish, what are you going to eat?” He replied that as he wasn’t a vegetarian, he would eat more meat. This led me to start exploring the environmental cost of fishing, compared with other ways of producing food. All types of food production require resources such as fuel, energy, land, water, fertiliser, antibiotics and equipment. This produces environmental impacts such as greenhouse gases, water shortage, soil erosion, nutrient and acid pollution, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and loss of native biodiversity. The impact of different food production systems differs greatly, and has increasingly been the subject of scientific research. In his 2013 book The Perfect Protein, Andy Sharpless, CEO of the ocean conservation organisation…