“I’m like a bird, I’ll only fly away” … “Fly like an eagle ‘til I’m free” … “Won’t you fly high, freebird” … songwriters have certainly realised an important distinguishing feature of the Class Aves: the liberating ability to fly, to migrate, leaving the majority of earthbound animals behind. However, nature is messy and similar features can evolve, be lost and re-evolve over deep time. But considering that feathered flight is one of the defining and most advantageous characteristics of being a bird, why have some species lost this superpower?
The flightless condition now occurs in megapodes, ducks, rails, grebes, penguins, cormorants and parrots – not to mention the wholly terrestrial ancient order of large running birds known as ratites, which includes kiwis, ostriches, Emu, rheas and cassowaries. Several other…