JOHN C. GARAND’S LEGENDARY “U.S. RIFLE, caliber .30 M1” (the M1) was a mainstay in World War II, and Gen. George S. Patton called it “the best implement of battle ever devised.” While the M1 fired the powerful .30-06 Springfield cartridge, the rifle was heavy (9.5 pounds), didn’t offer full-automatic fire, and was subject to various other criticisms (e.g., the en bloc clip’s ejection noise). So after World War II, the U.S. government began designing a replacement for the M1 at the government’s arsenal in Springfield, Massachusetts. The result was the M14, which was adopted in 1954.
The M14 was similar to the M1, in that it offered rugged reliability, but it fired a then-new .30-caliber cartridge called the 7.62x51 NATO; this was the military version of the .308 Winchester,…